Alan Turing was an English mathematician, logician, and computer scientist who is widely regarded as the father of modern computing. He was born on June 23, 1912, in Maida Vale, London, England, and died on June 7, 1954, in Wilmslow, Cheshire, England, at the age of 41.

Turing's most famous contribution was his role in cracking the German Enigma code during World War II. He developed a machine called the Bombe, which was able to decipher the messages that the Germans were sending. This work is widely believed to have shortened the war by two years and saved countless lives.

In addition to his work on code-breaking, Turing made significant contributions to the development of computer science and artificial intelligence. He was a pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence and proposed the Turing test, which is still used today to determine whether a computer can exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.

Turing was also interested in the question of whether machines could be said to think, and he proposed the idea of the "imitation game" as a way of testing this. This idea formed the basis for his famous paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," which was published in 1950.

Turing's personal life was marked by tragedy. He was gay at a time when homosexuality was illegal in Britain, and he was prosecuted for homosexuality in 1952. As a result, he was forced to undergo chemical castration, and he committed suicide two years later by eating an apple laced with cyanide.

Turing was born to an upper-middle-class family in London. His father was a member of the Indian Civil Service, and his mother was the daughter of a railway engineer. Turing was educated at Sherborne School, a boarding school in Dorset, and later at King's College, Cambridge.

Turing never married and had no children. He was engaged briefly to a woman named Joan Clarke, who was also a code-breaker during the war, but he called off the engagement shortly before his arrest.

Overall, Alan Turing's work has had a profound impact on the development of modern computing and artificial intelligence. His contributions continue to be recognized and celebrated to this day, and his legacy serves as an inspiration to many in the field of computer science.

Alan Turing was born into a privileged family, but he struggled in school due to his lack of interest in subjects like Latin and Greek. However, he excelled in mathematics and science, and his talent was recognized by his teachers. He went on to study at King's College, Cambridge, where he received a first-class degree in mathematics.

During World War II, Turing worked for the British government as a code-breaker at Bletchley Park. He was part of a team that was tasked with deciphering encrypted messages that the Germans were sending using their Enigma machines. Turing's work on the Bombe, which was a machine designed to decipher these messages, was instrumental in breaking the Enigma code and giving the Allies an advantage in the war.

After the war, Turing continued his work in computer science and artificial intelligence. He proposed the idea of a universal machine that could be programmed to perform any computation that could be done by any other machine. This idea formed the basis for the development of the first modern computer.

Turing was also interested in the question of whether machines could be said to think. He proposed the Turing test, which is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior that is indistinguishable from that of a human. This idea has been hugely influential in the development of artificial intelligence.

Turing's personal life was marked by tragedy. He was gay at a time when homosexuality was illegal in Britain, and he was prosecuted for homosexuality in 1952. As a result, he was forced to undergo chemical castration, which caused him significant physical and emotional distress. He committed suicide in 1954, and his death was widely regarded as a tragedy for the world of science and mathematics.

Turing's legacy has continued to grow in the years since his death. In 2009, then-Prime Minister Gordon Brown issued an official apology on behalf of the British government for the way Turing was treated, and in 2013, Queen Elizabeth II granted Turing a posthumous pardon for his conviction for homosexuality. Turing has become a symbol of the struggle for equal rights for LGBT people, and his work continues to inspire and influence scientists and researchers around the world.